Kaadi macaanku waa cudur ay sababto sonkorta dhiigga oo kor u kacda(high glucose level).sida badana cudurkan markuu qofku ku dhoco wuu wataa inta cimrigiisa ka hartey. Haddaba iyadoo ay jiraan sababo badan ayaa dhammaantood waxay ku soo biyo shubtaan INSULINta(waa hormoon ay soo saarto xameytidu..pancreas)oo aad u yar ,amase isagoon wax falgal ah la sameyneyn jirka, amase isagoo yar falgalna aan sameyn karin. Marka aan raashin cuno, dabadeed la dheefshiido qaybta kaarboonhaydrojiinka ah waxaa jirku ka dhigaa sonkor(glucose),dabadeed waxay gashaa wareegga dhiiga.markaa ka dib xamaytidu waxay soo siideysaa (Insulin) taasoo sonkorta dhiigga geysa muruqyada,xaydha,iyo beerka taasoo jirku u isticmaalo shidaal ahaan(tamar)...shaqada insulinta

NOOCYADA KAADI MACAANTA

1)Nooca koobaad
(type 1):noocani inta badan qofka waxaa lagu arkaa caruurnimada,xamaytidu ma soo saarto Insulin sidaa darteed qofku mar walba wuxuu u baahan yahay Insulin.

2) Nooca labaad
(type 2):Inta badan wuxuu ku dhacaa dadka waaweyn(adults),sababtuna waa xamaytida oon soosaarin Insulin ku filan jirka, ama jirka oon falgal la sameyn Insulinta

3) Kaadi macaanka haweenka uurka leh(gastational diabets) :dumar caafimaad qabtey,laakiin markay uuraysato ka dib kaadi macaantu ku dhacdo.

DADKA HALISTA U AH KAADI MACAANTA

1)Dhaxaltoyo..waalidiintaa ama qaraabadaa oo qaba

2)Ka weyn 45 sano

3)Aad u buuran(obesity)

4)Iska fadhiya oon dhaqdhaqaaq sameyn(sedentary)

5)Qaba dhiig kar(high blood pressure)

6)Haweenka uurka leh,ama dhasha cunug culayskiisu ka weyn yahay 9 pounds

7)High blood level of cholesterol..xaydha dhiiga ku jirta oo sarreysa.

8)High blood level of triglycerides.

CALAAMADAHA KAADI MACAANTA

1)kaadi badan oo soo noqnoqota

2)oon ba'an

3)gaajo badan

4)tabardaro

5)culayska oo hoos u dhaca

6)aragga oo xumaada

7)lalabbo(mostly type 1)

8)mantag

9)nabarka oon si dhakhso ah u bogsoon

10)awoodda ragga xagga galmada oo hoos u dhacda

(type 2) DIAGNOSIS Calaamadahaa kor ku qoran ka dib

1)adoo sooman sonkorta dhiiga oo ka sareysa 126mg ugu yaraan laba jeer,iyo lagu siiyo glucose laba saacadood ka dib iyadoo ka sarreysa 200mg.

2)soon iyo soon la'aan sonkorta dhiigaaga oo ka sarreysa 200mg

BAARITAAN ( TESTS)

1)urine analysis

2)blood FGT,IGT,random glucose level

3)Hemoglobin A1c

CUDURADA KALE EE MATAANEEYA KAADI MACAANTA ( COMPLICATIONS ) ACUTE STAGE:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),hyperosmoral nonketotic diabetic coma.(waan ka xumahay erey bixin waan u waayey) CHRONIC STAGE Sideedaba sonkortu waa asiidh oo kale(aashito),markey xididada dhiiga ku badato waqtiguna sii dheeraado waxay dhaawacdaa xididada haba ugu darnaadeen kaabilariska(xididada ugu yaryar ee dhiigga) taasoo keenta

1)xididada oo adkaada (arterial scelerosis)

2)indhaha oo cawarma..catract(ratinopathy)

3)kelyaha ooy dhaawacdo (renopathy)

4)neerfayaasha ooy dhaawacdo ,dabadeed dareenka maqaarka qaybo ka mid ah oo luma(neuropathy)

KAHORTAG ( PREVENTION )

1)culays caadi ah iyo dhaqdhaqaaq ku habboon jirkaaga

2)saddexdii sanoba (dadka ka weyn 45 sano) dhiigga ka baara sonkor

3)dadka halista u ah sonkorta oo sanadkiiba is baara

4)nooca koobaad(type 1) illaa imminka ka hortag looma hayo Daawada kaadi macaanka Ogoow illaa iyo imminka lama hayo daawo markaad isticmaasho aad ka bogsooto kaadi macaanta, laakiin waa la koontorooli karaa. Ujeedaduna waa sonkorta dhiiga oo lagu xakameeyo si caadi ah, taasoo baabi'isa calaamadihii kaadi macaanta(kaadi badan,oon badan,gaajo badan,tabardarro,culayska oo hoos u dhaca...iwm) ha yareysana cudurada weheliya kaadi macaanta(kelyaha,indhaha,wadnaha iyo halbowlayaasha,neerfaha).taasina waxay keentaa qofka oo nolol qiime leh ku nool(good quality of life),shaqaysta,caruurta oo si caadi ah u korta,cimriga qofka oo dheeraada. Daaweynta kaadi macaantu waxay ka kooban tahay :

WAX BARID (education)

Qofku markey ku dhacdo kaadi macaantu waa muhiim in qofka iyo qoyskiisaba laga dhaadhiciyo cudurkan, waxyaabaha qofka la barayo waxaa ka mid ah.

1)sida loo garto loona daaweeyo markey sonkortu hoos u dhacdo (hypoglycemia).

2)raashinkaad cuni lahayd iyo goortaad cuni lahayd.

3)sida laysugu duro insulinta iyo sida loo qaato daawooyinka kale.

4)sida looga cabbiro sonkorta dhiigga iyo kaadida.

5)sida loo maamulo insulinta markaad bedesho nooca raashinkaad cuni jirtey iyo jimicsigaad sameyn jirtey(insulinta ood kordhiso ama yareyso)

6)sida laysu maamulo markaad xanuunsato(daawada ood kordhiso ama yareyso ama nooceeda ad bedesho).

Mar walba aqoon cusub baa soo baxda sidaa darteed qofku marwalba aqoon cusub buu u baahan yahay.

RAASHINKA ( diet )

Maadaama dadku ay dhulal kala duwan ku nool yihiin ,dhaqamo kala duwana leeyihiin raashinkey qaataan waa kala duwan yahay, si kastaba raashinkaagu waa inuu noqdaa :50~60% kaarboonhaydarayt,10~20%borotiin,30% dufan.

Qofka qaba nooca koobaad ee kaadi macaanta

(type 1)waxaa habboon inuu maalin walba isku waqti raashinka qaato raashinkuna isku mid ahaado. Laakiin nooca labaad

(type 2)waxaa ku habboon cuno dheelli tiran dufankeeduna yar yahay.ma cayili kartid mana caatoobi kartid, ma gaajoon kartid mana dhergi kartid. si kastaba aad bay u habboon tahay dhakhtarka cuntada (podiatorist)inuu kuu sheego raashinkaad qaadan lahayd iyo sidaad u qaadan lahayd.

JIMICSI ( exercise )

Jimicsigu aad buu muhiim u yahay gaar ahaan dadka qaba kaadi macaanka nooca labaad(type

2)waayo qabsadayaasha insulinta(insulin receptors) ayaa waxay ku badan yihiin muruqyada jirka, taasoo keenta in jirku isticmaalo sonkorta. hadaba dooro:

1) jimicsi ku habboon jirkaaga oo uu xamilli karo.

2)jimicso maalin walba, jimicso waqti isku mid ah hadday suuro gal tahay.

3)la soco xaaladda sonkorta dhiigga jimicsiga ka hor iyo kadibba.

4)diyaarso raashin si dhakhso ah kor ugu qaadi kara sonkortaada haddii sonkortaadu hoos u dhacdo(hypoglycemia)jimicsiga kadib.

5)cab biyo(hoore)dheeri ah oo aaney sonkori ku jirin jimicsiga kahor iyo kaddibba.

DAAWOOYINKA Qaadashada daawada nooceeda waxay ku xiran tahay kaadi macaanka aad qabto noociisa iyo xaaladda cudurku marayo(mid wanaagsan ama xun).

Kaadi macaanka nooca koobaad waxa kaliya oo loo isticmaalaa waa Insulin waloow ay noocyo badan leedahay(regular,semilent,lente,ultralente). Daawooyinka kaadi macaanka(oral) nooca labaad

(type 2) waxay u kala baxaan saddex:

1)kuwa kordhiya soo saaridda jirku soo saaro insulinta:amaryl,glucotrol,glucotrol XL,micronase,diabeta,glynase,prandin,starlix.

2)kuwa xoojiya dareenka falgalidda insulinta:glucophage,avandia,actos

3)kuwa daahiya nuugista sonkorta laga soo nuugayo mindhicirka:precose,glyset.

Si kastaba haddii aad ku koontorroli karto:

1)sonkorta dhiigga:soon(4.4~6.1mmol/l),aadan soomaneyn(4.4~8.0mmol/l)

2)GHba1c <6.2%

3)cadaadiska dhiigga(blood bressure) <130/80 mmhg

4)culayska(bmi):kg/m2....ragga<25,dumarka <24

5)cholestrol <4.5 mmol/l

6)HDL-C >1.1mmol/l

7)LDL-C <2.5mmol/l

8)triglyceride <1.5mmol/l

la soco waad ku guulaysatey la dagaalanka kaadi macaanka, nolol qiime lehna waad ku noolaaneysaa.